Two authors are both mentioned in the text and reference list. For three or more authors, only the first name is mentioned in the text + et al. (Latin abbreviation for et alii = and others). In the reference list, all names are mentioned, up to a maximum of 20 authors. For 21 or more authors, the first 19 names are mentioned, followed by the impediment with spaces (. . .) and the last name. Bennett, A., & Royle, N. (2024). This thing called literature: Reading, thinking, writing (2nd edition). Routledge. Parenthetical citation: (Bennet & Royle, 2024)Narrative citation: Bennet and...

No, this can be visually jarring to the reader. A general advice is to place the in-text citation at the beginning of the paragraph. If necessary, the author's name can be repeated and/or include the name at the end of the paragraph: According to Johnson (2024) …Johnson also says that …

A webpage does not have a page number, so the author/organisation and year are sufficient when citing a web page. A chapter or paragraph number can be mentioned if relevant: (Author, year, Chapter X).

As in the reference list, place the citations in alphabetical order, separated by a semicolon: (Austin, 2023; Johnson et al., 2020; Williams, 2021) If two or more works are by the same author or organization, give the author’s surname once, followed by the year in chronological order: (World Health Organization, n.d.-a, n.d.-b, 2024)

Start the entry with the title of the article. The in-text citation is the title of the article and the year. NewspaperQuestions over session led by Navy Seal graduate that left lacrosse players hospitalized. (2024, September 24). The Guardian. Retrieved September 27, 2024, from https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/sep/24/questions-over-session-led-by-navy-seal-graduate-that-left-lacrosse-players-hospitalized Parenthetical citation: ("Questions over session led by Navy Seal graduate", 2024)Narrative citation: "Questions over session led by Navy Seal graduate" (2024) News websiteThe week in 33 photos. (2024, September 27). CNN. Retrieved September 28, 2024, from https://edition.cnn.com/2024/09/26/world/gallery/photos-this-week-september-19-september-26/index.html Parenthetical citation: (The week in 33 photos, 2024)Narrative citation: The week in 33 photos (2024) Note: Long titles...

Director, A. (year, month day). Title of episode (Season no., Episode no.) [Description]. In A. Producer (Producer), Title of TV-show. Production company. ExampleCendrowski, M. (Director). (2018, October 6). The conjugal configuration (Season 12, Episode 1) [TV-series episode]. In D. Goetsch, S. Holland, E. Kaplan, C. Lorre, S. Molaro, & B. Prady (Executive Producers), The big bang theory. Chuck Lorre Productions; Warner Bros. Television. Parenthetical citation: (Cendrowski, 2018)Narrative citation: Cendrowski (2018) If the director and/or producer is unknown, other contributors (writers, hosts, etc.) might also be used.

Prefixes as 'de la' or 'van', common in European names, are part of the surname. It is advised to always capitalize the prefix, both in the text and in the reference list. Jean de la Fontaine will be De la Fontaine, J.Vincent van Gogh will be Van Gogh, V. Parenthetical citation: (De la Fontaine, 2020; Van Gogh, 2014)Narrative citation: De la Fontaine (2020) and Van Gogh (2014) In the reference list, surnames with prefixes are alphabetized by the first letter of the prefix: De la Fontaine, J. (2020). The fables of La Fontaine. Musée National Gustave Moreau. Van Gogh, V....

When the surnames are identical but the initials are different, include the initials of the authors in all in-text citations, regardless of the year of publication: Dahl, R. (1983). The witches. Jonathan Cape.Dahl, T. (1988). Working for love. Delacorte Press. Parenthetical citations: (R. Dahl, 1983; T. Dahl, 1988)Narrative citations: R. Dahl (1983) and T. Dahl (1988) When the surnames and the initials are identical, the reference list should include their full first names [in square brackets] to indicate that they are not the same person. The first names are also included in the in-text citation, regardless of the year of...