Frequently asked questions

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Citing sources

Do I include a class or lecture in the reference list?

APA In-text citation
APA Reference list

Unrecorded classes, lectures, workshops, talks, presentations, etc. are not included in the reference list, as the reader cannot verify the information. An in-text citation refers to a class or lecture as personal communication with the lecturer's name and the date.

Examples:
During the lecture (A. Smith, personal communication, December 17, 2024), we were informed …

Professor A. Smith (personal communication, December 17, 2024), informed us …